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Text Image and Christians in the Graeco ââånudity in Early Christian Art

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Exercise of naturism or nudism by Christians

Baptism of Jesus, Bordone, Giotto 1276-1336

Christian naturism is the exercise of naturism or nudism by Christians.[a]

Naturism is a lifestyle of not-sexual social nudity; the word also refers to the cultural movement which advocates and defends that lifestyle. It is not certain that Christian naturism exists in any formal organisations, however, in that location are breezy (mostly online) networks of Christians who practise naturism.[2] [three]

Many of the early protagonists of naturism were Christians. For example, authors such every bit Ilsley Boone, Henry S. Huntington and Elton Raymond Shaw were writers of books on naturism and on Christianity. The dean of St Paul's Cathedral, the Very Revd William Inge, known as Dean Inge, offered support to the cause of naturists in his back up of the publishing of Maurice Parmelee's book, The New Gymnosophy: Nudity and the Modern Life.[4] [5]

History [edit]

third-century baptism, St. Calixte Catacomb

Ancient [edit]

Originally, Jewish mikvahs, and subsequently, early on Christian baptisms[six] [ unreliable source? ] were performed with individuals naked. This included mass baptisms involving men, women, and children. They signified the participant's restoration to man's original sinless condition, having their sins blotted out. Others merits that children were baptized first, then men, then women, all separately.[ commendation needed ]

Public bathing was the common practise through the time of Jesus and nevertheless occurs today in a few cultures, including the Turkish bath or hammam, the Finnish sauna, Japanese onsen or Sentō, and the Korean Jjimjilbang. With the exception of the family unit-focused Finnish sauna, most public baths are gender-segregated today. Entire families took part in the public bathroom—including Christians. Jesus fifty-fifty preached at the public baths in Jerusalem.[7]

Some celebrated religious sects, both Christian and syncretist, have made nudism a general do. Probably the all-time-known of these were the Adamites, though some of their behavior were contrary to orthodox Christianity.[8] The post-resurrection conventionalities of the unclothed torso existence evil or sinful may originate in Platonic divineness (founded largely on the works of aboriginal Greek philosopher Plato) which was adopted and passed down by "Christian" Platonists in early on church history. Platonism is a dualistic theology which proposes a realm of forms to include, on the one manus, "pure ideas", which are practiced; and, on the other paw, "matter", which is evil. When applied to humans, the soul is necessarily skillful, and the trunk is necessarily evil. Therefore, co-ordinate to this philosophy, our "evil" bodies must be covered by wear. Christian naturists refuse such notions every bit unbiblical.[9]

Plotinus (c. 204 – 270 AD) was a major philosopher of the ancient world who is widely considered the founder of Neo-Platonism (along with his instructor Ammonius Saccas). His metaphysical writings accept inspired centuries of Infidel, Christian, Jewish, Islamic and Gnostic metaphysicians and mystics. About 150 years later, Saint Augustine (354-430 Advert) was heavily influenced by the instruction of Plotinus.[10] As i of the well-nigh important figures in the evolution of Western Christianity, St. Augustine strongly endorsed asceticism, which meant self-deprival of worldly pleasance and total sexual abstinence. Eventually, this reached its peak in monasticism. Those pursuing a monastic life are normally called monks or brethren (brothers) if male person, and nuns or sisters if female. While similar activities existed previously in pre-Christian times, early Christian monasticism attracted a large number of followers due to its enormous prestige and high social condition in the flow where the Roman Empire was near plummet.[11] St. Augustine is ane of the very few saints considered important not but by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox religions, but by many Protestants as well (including Martin Luther and John Calvin).[12]

Mod [edit]

In the United States, the Christian naturism movement (which was the first naturism movement of any sort in the U.S.) began in the tardily 1920s. This occurred at near the same time every bit the showtime of the Bang-up Depression, under the leadership of New Jersey Dutch Reformed minister Ilsley Boone.[13] Initially, he was vice president of the American League for Physical Culture. Past October 1931, Boone had taken over as president, and renamed the club as the "American Sunbathing Association" (ASA). Soon, naturism began expanding nationwide.[ citation needed ]

In Rome, Pope Pius Eleven strongly condemned the naturism movement throughout the early 1930s, calling it "paganly immodest".[xiv] This prompted the head of the New York Legion of Decency, former New York Catholic Governor and presidential candidate Alfred East. Smith, to endeavour to outlaw all nudism. A recent court ruling had declared private social nudity to be legal per current law. Eventually, their efforts failed in the country legislature.[14] After Boone'due south passing in the tardily 1960s, the ASA became more secular, along with American social club in general. In 1994, the ASA was renamed equally the American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR), which has its headquarters in Florida.[15]

Pope John Paul II began his papacy in 1978, condign the offset not-Italian pope in four and a half centuries.[sixteen] His views on naturism differed essentially from that of his predecessors. Authoring the volume Dearest and Responsibility (1981),[17] he wrote: "Nakedness itself is not immodest ... Immodesty is present merely when nakedness plays a negative role with regard to the value of the person, when its aim is to arouse concupiscence, equally a result of which the person is put in the position of an object for enjoyment".[eighteen]

With the offset of the modernistic net in the mid-1990s, Christian Naturism became much more organized in the U.Due south. than ever earlier. The website Naturist-Christians.org founded in 1999 is the largest website devoted exclusively to Christian naturism. Annual Christian Nudist Convocations began early in the decade of the 2000s.[ commendation needed ]

Nudity and historical Christian sects [edit]

  • Adamites – A sect in N Africa in the 2nd through fourth century that believed they were "re-establishing Adam and Eve'due south innocence".
  • Naaktloopers ("naked walkers") – A group of xi Anabaptists in Amsterdam who, on Feb xi, 1535, stripped and ran naked through the streets proclaiming the "naked truth". They were later executed.[19] [20]

Bible passages involving nudity [edit]

The Garden of Eden [edit]

Christian naturists view the story of the Garden of Eden as a model for their behavior. It is also the main scripture where their interpretation disagrees with denominations where wearable is required. When Adam and Eve were created and placed in the garden every bit a couple past God, they were both naked and "felt no shame". (Genesis 2:25) Although in the English of today "naked" oft does imply shame or lewdness, when the King James Version (KJV) was released in 1611, "naked" (Germanic[21]), and "nude" (Latin[22]) were synonymous. The KJV uses "naked" 47 times in 45 verses[23] throughout the Bible, while "nude" does non appear once.[24] No major English language translation of the Bible uses "nude" in Genesis 2:25 either.[Genesis 2:25]

Christian naturists run into Adam and Eve being in the clean-living state that God had intended them to be. God knew that they were naked, every bit this was how he had created them, in His image. Fifty-fifty earlier Eve's cosmos, God had warned Adam "but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of adept and evil, for when you consume of it you will surely die". (Genesis 2:17) Despite God's alert, kickoff Eve, then Adam, consume the forbidden fruit afterward being persuaded past the devil in the form of a serpent. (Genesis three:1–vi) After doing then, they realize that they are naked, and run up fig leaves together every bit coverings in a futile attempt to hide their loss of innocence.

Shortly thereafter, Adam and Eve hear God walking in the garden, which results with them fearfully hiding among the trees. God queries Adam, "Where are you?" In spite of the fig leaves, Adam replies that he is agape because of his nakedness. God further asks Adam, "Who told you that y'all were naked?" Only God, Adam, Eve, and the devil are a party to this thing, as at that place are no other humans on the planet at this time. Therefore, Christian naturists believe it was the devil who told Adam and Eve that they were naked. Their shame was not of God; nor would the fig leaves cover this shame, regardless of their genitals existence covered. God was displeased not only by their disobedience of eating the forbidden fruit, only likewise with Adam and Eve's subsequent attempt to cover up their bodies.[ citation needed ]

Christian naturists maintain the fig leaves were worn in a futile attempt to hide what the couple had done from God—non each other, noting they were married, and equally guilty of the same original sin.[25] The second sin was to cover parts of the body.[26] The devil had chosen the sexual organs as the area of shame considering, unlike God, he has no ability to create life. As the next chapter begins with Adam and Eve engaging in appropriate marital sexual relations,[27] they conclude the couple would have seen each other naked subsequent to the autumn of mankind.

After the Fall, God expelled Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. He also made more durable and protective garments from animal skins to replace the fig leaves before sending them out amid the thorns. (Genesis 3:21–23)

Other scripture [edit]

Painting Madonna and Child with St. Anne showing Christ unashamed to be naked, being without sin. The Virgin Mary is with her mother. Caravaggio, 1606 [28]

There are other references to nudity in the Bible, such as:[29]

one Samuel 19:24 "He (Saul) stripped off his robes and likewise prophesied in Samuel'southward presence. He lay that way all that day and night. This is why people say, 'Is Saul also among the prophets?'"

two Samuel eleven From the roof of his palace, Male monarch David saw Bathsheba--a wife--bathing. David later committed adultery with Bathsheba, impregnated her, and arranged for her husband Uriah to die in battle.

Isaiah 20:two–iv The Lord said to Isaiah: "'Take off the sackcloth from your body and the sandals from your anxiety.' And he did and then, going effectually stripped and barefoot. Then the Lord said, 'Merely as my retainer Isaiah has gone stripped and barefoot for three years, as a sign and portent against Egypt and Cush, so the king of Assyria will lead away stripped and barefoot the Egyptian captives and Cushite exiles, young and old, with buttocks bared—to Arab republic of egypt's shame'"

Micah one:8a (Micah speaking:) "Considering of this [Jacob's transgression] I volition weep and wail; I volition go about barefoot and naked."

Matthew six:25 and Luke 12:22–23 "Then Jesus said to his disciples: 'Therefore I tell you lot, do not worry about your life, what you will eat or drinkable; or virtually your body, what y'all will wear. Is non life more important than nutrient, and the trunk more than important than clothes?'"

Mark xiv:51–52 "A young human, wearing nothing but a linen garment, was post-obit Jesus. When they seized him, he fled naked, leaving his garment backside."

John 19:23–24 "When the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took his clothes, ... 'Permit's not tear [the undergarment],' they said to ane another. 'Let's decide by lot who will go it.'"

two Corinthians 5:1–iv "For we know that if the earthly tent we live in is destroyed, nosotros have a building from God, an eternal house in heaven, non congenital past human hands. Meanwhile we groan, longing to exist clothed instead with our heavenly dwelling, because when we are clothed, we will not be plant naked. For while nosotros are in this tent, nosotros groan and are encumbered, because nosotros practice not wish to be unclothed but to exist clothed instead with our heavenly dwelling, so that what is mortal may be swallowed upwards by life."

Gospel of Thomas Although no major Christian grouping accepts this volume equally approved or authoritative (its translation was unavailable until the 20th century), it relates the following conversation between Jesus and his disciples:

His disciples asked, "When volition you become revealed to us and when shall we encounter you?" Jesus answered, "When you disrobe without being ashamed and take up your garments and place them under your feet like picayune children and tread on them, then will you see the son of the Living One, and you will not be agape."[30]

Naked Christ [edit]

Birth [edit]

The story of the nascency of Jesus is told in the gospels of Matthew[31] and Luke.[32] The Christian doctrine of incarnation holds that the second person of the Trinity "became flesh"[33] by beingness conceived in the womb of Mary, and came into the world naked[34] just like every other human being.

  • Virgin and Kid in a Landscape by an anonymous artist

  • Madonna and Child by the Master of the Castello Nascence

Baptism [edit]

Jesus was baptised by John the Baptist in the River Jordan.[35] [36] [37] Jesus was about certainly naked when he was baptised. The early Christian liturgy of baptism required those being baptised to be completely naked.[38]

Crucifixion [edit]

Jesus was crucified after being stripped of his clothes by the executioners.[39]

Resurrection [edit]

In the Synoptic Gospels, the women who came to the tomb to anoint Jesus' trunk plant only an angel[xl] or a youth[41] or two men;[42] all were wearing white or dazzling garments. In John's gospel, information technology is stated that Jesus' grave clothes were left in the tomb;[43] there are also ii angels in white,[44] in contrast to the Synoptic Gospels Jesus is also nowadays; however, no mention is made of Jesus wearing dazzling white robes,[b] and Mary Magdalene mistakes Jesus for the gardener.[c] Knights 1999, p. 178 and Neal 2012 find it likely that later his resurrection, Jesus emerged from the tomb naked.

Naturist Christian worship [edit]

Chapel at sometime Cherokee Lodge

In the U.S., a few naturist resorts have chapels (permanent or makeshift) on their grounds for the purpose of providing worship services:

  • Cedar Waters Village, Nottingham, New Hampshire (but open in summer months);[ citation needed ]
  • Garden Of Eden Church, Lake Como Resort, Lutz, Florida;[45] [ improve source needed ]
  • Glen Eden Nudist Resort, Corona, California (Easter only);[46] [ improve source needed ]
  • Oaklake Trails, Depew, Oklahoma (just open in summer months);[ citation needed ]
  • Rock Haven Lodge, Murfreesboro, Tennessee (open from mid-March to early on Oct);[ citation needed ] and
  • White Tail Resort,[47] Ivor, Virginia.[ improve source needed ]

In the naturist village of Heliopolis on the Île du Levant, French republic, there is a chapel for Christian worship, but the Roman Catholic services are non in the nude.[48]

Naturist Christian camping ground [edit]

While not actually a position of the Religious Lodge of Friends (or Quakers), naturism was the accustomed norm for a fourth dimension in one of their camps for children and teens. The camps started in 1939 and sometime in the 1950s naturism among the coed campers was the norm for such activities as swimming, sauna and other appropriate activities. This practice was abandoned in the mid-2000s due to concerns nigh maintaining a safe and comfortable environment for the campers.[ citation needed ]

The founder of the Quaker camps (Subcontract and Wilderness Camps in Vermont) wrote in his book entitled Every bit Sparks Fly Upward:

A study of comparative cultures leads to the suspicion that it could exist, that our culture is wrong in this regard; that the evil that has falsely imputed to nudism is in fact an evil in our own minds. It has cut us off from a health-given, wholesome and joyous do in which children thrive and adults may find an honesty and straight forwardness, and fifty-fifty a spiritual surety and strength that we grievously lack at present. This "slice of work" that is man, how are we to become convinced of its wonder if past the fetish of hiding the torso we deny and destroy some of the health and most of its godlike beauty?

—Webb 1973

Criticism [edit]

By far, the virtually frequent biblical argument against Christian naturism is that if God approved of people beingness nude, he would not take clothed Adam and Eve after they sinned, thus making it a reminder to human that we had, in fact, sinned.[49] [ unreliable source? ] The counter-argument is Adam and Eve had already clothed themselves upon sinning, and God only replaced the fig leaves with animal skins in granting them gratis will.[29]

Due to cultural tendencies to equate nudity with sex, many Christian denominations and groups are not supportive of naturism and nudism. Such groups may experience that the temptation of lust is too difficult. Christian naturists counter that the notion of Christians existence unable to avert lust where non-sexualized nudity is present has no scriptural ground whatsoever.[l] [51] [ ameliorate source needed ] Furthermore, they believe Christ has given mankind the power to avoid sin.[52] [ failed verification ]

Christian naturists have been criticized for being nude around non-Christians (in the sense that some contact between Christians and non-believers takes identify), given that they might have no inhibitions against lust and other carnal sin.[53] [ better source needed ]

In 1 Timothy ii:ix, Paul urged the women in the Christian church building to dress modestly, with "decency and propriety". Critics debate it is in contrast to the behavior of Christian naturism that the apostle urges them to apparel at all. Christian Naturists counter that Paul was disallowing outlandish and/or expensive habiliment (which is prohibited in Christian Naturism also), and non referring to those who choose not to wearing apparel.[ citation needed ]

Other criticism, while it may not oppose naturism per se, is concerned that it will hinder witnessing, divide spouses, promote secrecy to prevent embarrassment, excommunication, etc.[54] [ better source needed ] Every bit a result, some Christian naturists are isolated from other Christians and their churches. In their effort to find fellowship, many have formed local fellowships, while others are nevertheless accepted past their own church groups even though they are known as naturists.[55] [ unreliable source? ]

  • In May 2002, a pastor in southern California was terminated due to his Christian Naturist beliefs. The church was affiliated with the Grace Gospel Fellowship and Grace Bible Higher.[56] [ ameliorate source needed ]
  • A written debate titled Is Social Nudism Condemned Past The Bible As Sinful? with Mark Roberts of the Westside Church of Christ, Irving, Texas in the affirmative, and John Kundert of the Fig Foliage forum, Winnipeg, Manitoba in the negative is available online.[53]

Run across also [edit]

  • Nudity in religion
  • Christian clothing
  • Christian libertarianism
  • Bug in social nudity

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ This form of naturism is not to be confused with what Durkheim termed "naturism" every bit an explanation for the origin of religion[ane]
  2. ^ see the Transfiguration of Jesus
  3. ^ It is believed that outdoor work, like gardening, farm labour and angling in biblical times was often done naked.

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ Bois 1916.
  2. ^ Harden 2000.
  3. ^ Horrocks 2011, p. 42.
  4. ^ Hirning 2013, p. 276.
  5. ^ "Dean Inge and The Nudists". Gloucestershire Repeat. 17 November 1932. p. ane col E. Retrieved 2016-05-02 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  6. ^ "The Jewish Background of Christian Baptism". Bebaptized.org. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-09-28 .
  7. ^ John 5:1–7
  8. ^ Havey, Francis Patrick (1907). "Adamites". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  9. ^ Schwegler 1868, pp. 182–184.
  10. ^ Livingstone, Sparks & Peacocke 2013, p. 446.
  11. ^ Hunt et al. 2006, p. 232.
  12. ^ Fitzgerald & Cavadini 1999, p. 718.
  13. ^ Mussell 2010.
  14. ^ a b Time 1935.
  15. ^ "The History Of Nudism - AANR". aanr.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-09. Retrieved Dec 9, 2021.
  16. ^ "Pope John Paul II dies in Vatican". BBC News. 2005-04-03. Archived from the original on 2009-02-15. Retrieved 2011-09-28 .
  17. ^ Pope John Paul Ii 1996.
  18. ^ "Catholic Activity: St. John Paul 2 on Modesty". catholicculture.org. Archived from the original on 2015-09-12. Retrieved Dec 9, 2021.
  19. ^ "Controversy". Comm.unt.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-07-02. Retrieved 2010-07-26 .
  20. ^ van der Zijpp, Nanne (1957). "Naaktlopers (Naaktloopers)". In Roth, John D. (ed.). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online.
  21. ^ "Definition of NAKED".
  22. ^ "Definition of NUDE".
  23. ^ "Naked". www.biblegateway.com.
  24. ^ "Nude". www.biblegateway.com.
  25. ^ Genesis two:22.
  26. ^ "The Second Sin". Figleafforum.com. 1994-xi-12. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2011-09-28 .
  27. ^ Genesis four:1
  28. ^ Simon Schama'due south Ability of Art at IMDb
  29. ^ a b Robinson 2007.
  30. ^ "Gospel of Thomas Saying 37". Early Christian Writings. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2016-xi-02 .
  31. ^ Matthew two:1
  32. ^ Luke ii:half dozen
  33. ^ John 1:14
  34. ^ Task one:21
  35. ^ Matthew three:13–17
  36. ^ Mark 1:nine–11
  37. ^ Luke three:21
  38. ^ Hippolytus (2013). Henry Chadwick; Gregory Dix (eds.). The Treatise on the Churchly Tradition of St Hippolytus of Rome Bishop and Martyr. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN978-1-136-10146-5.
  39. ^ Matthew 27:35
  40. ^ Matthew 28:two
  41. ^ Mark sixteen:5
  42. ^ Luke 24:5
  43. ^ John xx:half-dozen–vii
  44. ^ John twenty:12
  45. ^ "About Garden Of Eden Church". www.gardenofedenchurch.org.
  46. ^ http://gallery.mailchimp.com/07d2ab52891f0b62197e82369/files/mailchimp.124.pdf p.3
  47. ^ "White Tail Resort". whitetailresort.org . Retrieved 2018-xi-07 .
  48. ^ "Heliopolis". Archived from the original on August 26, 2014.
  49. ^ "Oft Asked Questions about nudity". Catholicdoors.com. Retrieved 2011-09-28 .
  50. ^ "Reflections On Lust". Fig Leaf Forum (peer reviewed department). Archived from the original on 2010-07-08. Retrieved 2010-07-26 .
  51. ^ "On Lust". Fig Leaf Forum (peer reviewed section). Archived from the original on 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2010-07-26 .
  52. ^ one Corinthians 10:12
  53. ^ a b "Debate Introduction". Fig Leaf Forum. Archived from the original on 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2010-07-26 .
  54. ^ "Naked for Christ? Christian Nudism". Themarriagebed.com. 2006-01-01. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2011-09-28 .
  55. ^ "Nudism - Christian nudism, nudism & religion". Nudism.yaia.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2011-09-28 .
  56. ^ "Persecuted for Proficient Nudity". Archived from the original on September ane, 2006. Retrieved 2007-06-04 .

Sources [edit]

Books [edit]

  • Jensen, Robin M. (2011). "Nudity in Early Christian Art". In Niang, Aliou Cisse; Osiek, Carolyn (eds.). Text, Image, and Christians in the Graeco-Roman Earth: A Festschrift in Honor of David Lee Balch. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN978-1-61097-524-vii.
  • Gorham, Karen; Leal, Dave (2000). Naturism and Christianity: Are They Compatible?. Grove Books. ISBN978-i-85174-438-one.
  • Horrocks, Bob (2011). Uncovering the Image. Lulu.com. ISBN978-1-4717-0383-6.
  • Shaw, Elton Raymond (1951). The Body Taboo: Its Origin, Effect, and Modern Deprival. Sunshine Volume Visitor.
  • Lippy, Charles H. (1985). Bibliography of Faith in the Due south . Mercer University Press. ISBN978-0-86554-161-0.
  • Marshall, Robert (1993). Storm from the E: From Genghis Khan to Khubilai Khan. Academy of California Press. ISBN978-0-563-36338-5.
  • Schwegler, Albert (1868). Handbook of the History of Philosophy. Edmondston & Douglas.
  • Livingstone, East. A.; Sparks, Chiliad. Westward. D.; Peacocke, R. W. (2013). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-965962-three.
  • Hunt, Lynn; Martin, Thomas R.; Hsia, R. Po-chia; Rosenwein, Barbara H.; Bonnie G. Smith (2006). The Making of the Due west: Peoples and Cultures, A Curtailed History: Volume I: To 1740. Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN978-0-312-41593-8.
  • Fitzgerald, Allan; Cavadini, John C. (1999). Augustine Through the Ages: An Encyclopedia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN978-0-8028-3843-8.
  • Hibbert, Christopher (2010). Queen Victoria: A Personal History. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN978-0-00-737201-0.
  • Ariès, Philippe; Veyne, Paul; Duby, Georges (1992). A History of Private Life: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium. Harvard University Press. ISBN978-0-674-39974-7.
  • Pope John Paul Ii (1996). Love and Responsibility. Fount. ISBN978-one-85310-786-3.
  • Smith, Virginia (2007). Clean: A History of Personal Hygiene and Purity . Oxford University Printing. ISBN978-0-xix-157993-6.
  • Parker, Dan (2003). The Bathing Suit: Christian Liberty Or Secular Idolatry. Xulon Press. ISBN978-1-59160-753-3.
  • Russell, Thomas Arthur (2010). Comparative Christianity: A Student'south Guide to a Religion and Its Various Traditions. Universal-Publishers. ISBN978-1-59942-877-ii.
  • Webb, Kenneth (1973). As Sparks Fly Up: The Rationale of the Farm and Wilderness Camps . Phoenix Pub. ISBN978-0-914016-04-5.
  • Blocher, Henri (1984). In the beginning: the opening capacity of Genesis. Inter-Varsity Press. ISBN978-0-87784-325-2.
  • Ziegler, Daniel D (2014). Naked Before God: A Await at Healing, Self-Discovery and Spiritual Growth Through Social Nudism. CreateSpace Contained Publishing Platform. ISBN978-1497554375.
  • Hirning, L. Clovis (2013). "Clothing and Nudism". In Albert Ellis (ed.). The Encyclopædia of Sexual Behaviour. Albert Abarbanel. Elsevier. ISBN978-ane-4832-2510-iv.

Journal articles [edit]

  • Booth, Douglas (1997). "Nudes in the sand and perverts in the dunes". Journal of Australian Studies. 21 (53): 170–182. doi:10.1080/14443059709387326. ISSN 1444-3058.
  • Mussell, Gary L. (2010). "A Brief History of Nudism and the Naturist Movement in America" (PDF). Southern California Naturist Clan. Retrieved 2014-07-31 .
  • Moreland, Kim (30 January 2012). "Nudity and the Christian Worldview". colsoncenter.org. Archived from the original on 24 August 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-21 .
  • Furness, Jim (May 2001). "Redeeming the Mankind". Thirdway. 24 (3): 23–26.
  • Martin, Richard (1991). "The Deceit of Dress: Utopian Visions and the Arguments against Vesture". Utopian Studies (4): 79–84. JSTOR 20718951.
  • Bois, H. (1916). "A Sociological View of Religion". International Review of Mission. 5 (3): 449–460. doi:ten.1111/j.1758-6631.1916.tb00884.10. ISSN 0020-8582. Zenodo: 1447697.
  • Knights, C. (1999). "Nudity, Wear, and the Kingdom of God". The Expository Times. 110 (6): 177–178. doi:x.1177/001452469911000604. ISSN 0014-5246. S2CID 170296732.
  • Rode, Susan L. (2000). "A Christian perspective of contemporary nudity: Theological and ethical reflections on symbolic nakedness". doi:10.20381/ruor-7744. hdl:10393/9302.
  • Smith, Jonathan Z. (Winter 1966). "The Garments of Shame". History of Religions. 5 (2): 217–238. doi:10.1086/462523. JSTOR 1062112. S2CID 161638287.

Newspaper articles [edit]

  • Harden, Rachel (August 2000). "Naturism and Christianity: Are They Compatible?". Church Times.
  • "Growing Threat of AIDS". Fourth dimension. 1985-08-12. Retrieved 2014-07-28 .
  • Bonthrone, P J (29 Jul 2000). "Don't experience bad about nudity, vicar tells Christians". The Telegraph.

Websites [edit]

  • Wijngaards, John. "Naturism/nudism - may Catholics join?". The Torso is Sacred . Retrieved 2016-08-10 .
  • "On Christian Nudism". The Mad Parson. 23 July 2014. Archived from the original on 24 Feb 2015. Retrieved 2014-08-21 .
  • Neal, Matthew (14 January 2012). "The Biblical Naturist: Squeamish Translating – Part 4 – Unclothed Servants". thebiblicalnaturist.blogspot.co.za. Archived from the original on sixteen February 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-08 .
  • Melling, Dr Joseph (September 2010). "A Brief History of Nakedness". Reviews in History . Retrieved 2014-08-21 .
  • Fruhwirth, Jesse (2009-12-16). "Skinny-Dipper Crackdown". Salt Lake Metropolis Weekly . Retrieved 2014-07-28 .
  • Tartakovsky, Margarita (2011). "The History of Nude Psychotherapy". Psych Central. Archived from the original on 2014-07-28. Retrieved 2014-07-28 .
  • "Finish of the Sexual Revolution". Fourth dimension. 1984-04-09. Retrieved 2014-07-28 .
  • "Facing Up to Sex activity Corruption". Time. 1984-eleven-12. Retrieved 2014-07-28 .
  • Weinstein, Adam (22 Jul 2014). "Naked and Unafraid: Baring Witness at a Christian Nudist Festival". Gawker. Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2014-08-21 .
  • "Swimming Class News Articles". Celebrated Archives - Nude Male Swimming. Archived from the original on 2014-12-24. Retrieved 2014-07-28 .
  • "Religion: Pope on Nudism". Fourth dimension. xviii March 1935. Retrieved 2014-07-28 .
  • Robinson, B.A. (16 September 2007). "Nudity as mentioned in the Bible". religioustolerance.org. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Retrieved 2014-08-24 .
  • De Lotta, Dr. Del (24 May 2004). "Answers to Objections to Nudism / Naturism". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2011-04-01. Retrieved 2014-08-24 .
  • Bowman, Jeffrey S. "Proficient Nudity". jeffreybowman.com . Retrieved 2014-08-24 .
  • Rockel, Jeff (1996). "The Bible, Society and Nudity: A study of social nudity from a Biblical and secular perspective". Archived from the original on 2001-07-10. Retrieved 2014-08-24 .

External links [edit]

  • Naturist Christians
  • The Biblical Naturist Blog
  • Latter-day Saint Skinny-dippers' Connection

simpsonhungloned.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Naturism

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